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206 regulations found
Indonesian Criminal Code
The new Criminal Code (Law No. 1 of 2023) is Indonesia's national codification of criminal law, replacing the…
ReadIndonesian Criminal Procedure Code
The new Criminal Procedure Code (Law No. 20 of 2025) governs criminal procedure — inquiry, investigation, prosecution…
ReadIndonesian Civil Code
The Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek, Staatsblad 1847 No. 23) is the principal source of Indonesian private law: persons…
ReadIndonesian Civil Procedure (HIR & RBg)
The HIR (Herzien Inlandsch Reglement) and RBg (Rechtsreglement Buitengewesten) govern civil procedure before the…
ReadBankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations
Law No. 37 of 2004 governs Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU): the conditions for a…
ReadCapital Market
Law No. 8 of 1995 on the Capital Market regulates public offerings, securities trading, supporting institutions and…
ReadPersonal Data Protection
Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection sets out the rights of data subjects, lawful bases for processing, the…
ReadNotary Office
Law No. 30 of 2004 as amended by Law No. 2 of 2014 governs the office of notary as a public official empowered to draw…
ReadAdvocates
Law No. 18 of 2003 on Advocates affirms the advocate as a free and independent law enforcer, and regulates admission…
ReadJudicial Power
Law No. 48 of 2009 on Judicial Power affirms judicial independence, equality before the law, simple-swift-low-cost…
ReadAdministrative Court
Law No. 5 of 1986 as amended by Laws No. 9 of 2004 and No. 51 of 2009 governs the Administrative Courts: the meaning of…
ReadMilitary Court
Law No. 31 of 1997 on Military Courts regulates the composition, competence and procedure of courts within the military…
ReadCommercial Court
The Commercial Court is a specialised court within the general judicature, created through the bankruptcy-law regime…
ReadEradication of Corruption Offences
Law No. 31 of 1999 as amended by Law No. 20 of 2001 governs the eradication of corruption offences, including unlawful…
ReadCorruption Eradication Commission (KPK)
Law No. 30 of 2002 as amended by Law No. 19 of 2019 governs the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK): its status…
ReadGeneral Provisions and Tax Procedures
Law No. 6 of 1983 on General Provisions and Tax Procedures (KUP), last updated by Law No. 7 of 2021 (Harmonisation of…
ReadElectronic Information and Transactions
Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions, amended by Law No. 19 of 2016 and Law No. 1 of 2024…
ReadArbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution
Law No. 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution governs the arbitration agreement, arbitral…
ReadCopyright
Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright regulates the economic and moral rights of creators, limitations, recordation…
ReadTrade Marks and Geographical Indications
Law No. 20 of 2016 on Trade Marks and Geographical Indications regulates trade-mark registration, registrable signs…
ReadPatents
Law No. 13 of 2016 on Patents, last updated by Law No. 65 of 2024, regulates patents and simple patents, the…
ReadLimited Liability Companies
Governs the limited liability company as a capital-association legal entity: incorporation and articles of association…
ReadManpower (Labour)
Governs employment relationships, work agreements, wages, working time, worker protection, industrial relations, and…
ReadJob Creation
An omnibus law that reshapes many sectors (business licensing, employment, investment and more) to ease doing business…
ReadMarriage
Governs the basis of marriage, validity requirements, the rights and duties of spouses, marital property, dissolution…
ReadBasic Agrarian Law
The foundation of national land law: it abolished the colonial dualism of land law and regulates rights over land…
ReadHuman Rights
Governs the guarantee and protection of human rights, basic duties, limitations, and the standing and tasks of the…
ReadThe Press
Guarantees press freedom and regulates the rights and duties of the press, press companies, the Press Council, the…
ReadConsumer Protection
Governs the rights and duties of consumers and businesses, prohibited acts, standard clauses, business liability, and…
ReadFiduciary Security
Governs fiduciary security over certain movable and immovable property: creation, registration, the creditor's…
ReadMortgage (Security over Land)
Governs the mortgage (hak tanggungan) as security over land and the objects upon it: creation, registration, ranking…
ReadFoundations
Governs the foundation as a legal entity consisting of segregated assets devoted to social, religious and humanitarian…
ReadEnvironmental Protection and Management
Governs environmental protection and management: planning, utilisation, control, environmental impact assessment and…
ReadHealth
An omnibus health law that repeals and consolidates several health statutes: it governs health efforts, medical and…
ReadNational Education System
Governs the basis, function and aims of national education, citizens' rights and duties, education pathways and levels…
ReadGovernment Administration
Governs governmental decisions and actions, the general principles of good governance (AUPB), authority (attribution…
ReadRegional Government
Governs the conduct of regional government: the division of governmental affairs, regional heads and legislatures…
ReadInvestment
Governs domestic and foreign investment: principles and objectives, forms of business entity, the rights and duties of…
ReadFinancial Services Authority (OJK)
Establishes the Financial Services Authority as an independent body supervising banking, the capital market, and…
ReadBanking
Governs banking: types and business of banks, licensing, guidance and supervision, bank secrecy, and criminal…
ReadNarcotics
Governs the classification of narcotics, their circulation and use for health care and science, the prevention and…
ReadSexual Violence Crimes
Governs the types of sexual-violence offences, special procedure, victims' rights to handling, protection and recovery…
ReadFormation of Legislation
Governs the principles, types, hierarchy and procedure for forming legislation, including planning, drafting…
ReadConstitutional Court
Governs the standing, composition and powers of the Constitutional Court: reviewing statutes against the 1945…
ReadSupreme Court
Governs the standing, composition, powers and procedure of the Supreme Court as the highest court of the land…
ReadState Civil Apparatus (ASN)
Governs the management of the state civil apparatus (civil servants and government contract workers): categories…
ReadVillages (Second Amendment)
Governs the administration of village government, authority, village finances and assets, village deliberation, and the…
ReadLand Registration
Governs the conduct of land registration: surveying and mapping, the recording of rights, issuance of the certificate…
ReadManagement Rights, Land Rights, Strata Units, and Land Registration
Governs management rights, land rights (including for space above and below ground), strata-title units, and…
ReadRegulation on the Office of Land Deed Officials (PPAT)
Governs the office of the PPAT as a public official authorised to draw up authentic deeds concerning certain legal acts…
ReadFlats / Strata Title
Governs the development of flats: construction, tenure, ownership (strata-title ownership certificates), management by…
ReadHousing and Settlement Areas
Governs housing and settlement areas: planning, construction, use, maintenance, land provision, financing, and the role…
ReadShipping
Governs waterway transport, ports, shipping safety and security, maritime environmental protection, and the…
ReadIslamic Banking
Governs Islamic banking: Sharia principles, the types and activities of Islamic commercial banks and Sharia business…
ReadBank Indonesia (Central Bank)
Governs the standing, objective and tasks of Bank Indonesia as the central bank: setting and conducting monetary…
ReadFinancial Sector Development and Strengthening (P2SK)
An omnibus financial-sector law that amends many statutes (banking, capital markets, insurance, pensions, Bank…
ReadDeposit Insurance Corporation (LPS)
Establishes the Deposit Insurance Corporation, which guarantees bank depositors' savings and helps maintain…
ReadWarehouse Receipt System
Governs the warehouse receipt as a document of title to goods stored in a warehouse, which may be transferred and used…
ReadInsurance
Governs the insurance business: types (general, life, Sharia, reinsurance), legal form, licensing, governance…
ReadMicro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)
Governs the criteria, empowerment and development of micro, small and medium enterprises: ease of doing business…
ReadCooperatives
Governs cooperatives as business entities whose members are persons or cooperative legal entities on the family…
ReadTrade Secrets
Governs the protection of trade secrets: technological/business information of economic value, not publicly known and…
ReadProtection of Consumers and the Public in the Financial Services Sector
Governs financial-services providers' duties to protect consumers: marketing conduct, transparency, complaint handling…
ReadConduct of Financing Companies' Business
Governs the business of financing companies (multifinance): types of financing (investment, working-capital…
ReadInformation-Technology-Based Joint Funding Services (P2P Lending)
Governs online lending (fintech peer-to-peer lending): licensing and capital, governance, funding limits, user…
ReadIncome Tax
Governs the taxation of income: tax subjects and objects, non-taxable income, rates, withholding/collection, and the…
ReadValue-Added Tax (VAT) and Luxury-Goods Sales Tax
Governs Value-Added Tax on the supply of taxable goods/services and the Luxury-Goods Sales Tax: taxable persons, the…
ReadLand and Building Tax
Governs the taxation of land and/or buildings based on the Taxable Sale Value (NJOP): objects and subjects, the tax…
ReadStamp Duty
Governs stamp duty on documents: objects, the time duty is due, the single rate, the party liable, subsequent stamping…
ReadFinancial Relations between Central and Regional Governments
Reorganises central–regional financial relations: regional taxes and levies, transfers to regions, the management of…
ReadTax Collection by Distress Warrant
Governs tax-collection procedure: warning letters, distress warrants, seizure, auction, travel bans and civil detention…
ReadCustoms
Governs the supervision and service of the flow of imported and exported goods: customs obligations, tariffs and…
ReadExcise
Governs excise on excisable goods (among others ethyl alcohol, alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products) whose…
ReadState Finances
Governs the management of state finances: scope, general principles, management authority, the drafting and adoption of…
ReadTrade
Governs domestic and foreign trade: licensing, standardisation, consumer protection and fair trade, trade through…
ReadProhibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition
Prohibits agreements and conduct that restrict competition (among others cartels and abuse of a dominant position)…
ReadIndustry
Governs the development of national industry: planning, empowerment, industrial standards, industrial estates, data and…
ReadEnergy
Governs national energy policy: supply, use, conservation, priorities, the energy buffer reserve, and the establishment…
ReadElectricity
Governs the supply and use of electricity: supply businesses, business licensing, tariffs, rights and duties, land use…
ReadOil and Natural Gas
Governs upstream (exploration and exploitation) and downstream (processing, transport, storage, trading) oil and gas…
ReadMineral and Coal Mining
Governs mineral and coal mining: mining areas, licensing (IUP/IUPK), licence-holders' obligations, value-adding…
ReadGeothermal
Governs geothermal undertakings for direct and indirect use (power generation): work areas, licensing, rights and…
ReadCitizenship of the Republic of Indonesia
Governs who is an Indonesian citizen, how citizenship is acquired, lost and reacquired, and limited dual citizenship…
ReadImmigration
Governs the movement of people into and out of Indonesian territory and its supervision: travel documents, visas, stay…
ReadCivil/Population Administration
Governs population registration and civil registration: the citizen identification number (NIK), the electronic ID…
ReadGeneral Elections
Governs the conduct of general elections for the legislatures and for President and Vice-President: the organisers…
ReadChild Protection
Governs the fulfilment of children's rights and protection from violence, exploitation, neglect and discrimination, and…
ReadAmendment to the Electronic Information and Transactions Law
Amends the ITE Law: affirms electronic information and documents as lawful evidence, reduces the penalties for…
ReadSecond Amendment to the Electronic Information and Transactions Law
The second amendment to the ITE Law: recasts the insult and false-news provisions to align with the new Criminal Code…
ReadPublic Information Disclosure
Guarantees everyone's right to public information: information that must be provided and announced, exempted…
ReadPublic Service
Governs the delivery of public services: principles and scope, service standards, the rights and duties of providers…
ReadNational Flag, Language, Emblem and Anthem
Governs the Red-and-White flag, the Indonesian language, the Garuda Pancasila state emblem, and the national anthem…
ReadState Ministries
Governs the standing, tasks, functions, organisation, formation, alteration and dissolution of ministries, and…
ReadIndonesian National Police
Governs the function, core duties and powers of the Indonesian National Police in maintaining security and order…
ReadAttorney General's Office (Prosecution Service)
Governs the standing, structure, duties and powers of the Attorney General's Office as the body exercising state…
ReadSettlement of Industrial Relations Disputes
Governs the types of industrial-relations disputes and how they are settled through bipartite talks, mediation…
ReadTrade Unions
Guarantees workers' freedom of association: formation, membership, rights and duties, notification and registration…
ReadProtection of Indonesian Migrant Workers
Governs protection of Indonesian migrant workers before, during and after employment: rights, requirements, the…
ReadHigher Education
Governs the conduct of higher education: functions and aims, types and levels, university autonomy, the tri-dharma…
ReadTeachers and Lecturers
Governs the standing of teachers and lecturers as professionals: qualifications, competence, certification, rights and…
ReadHospitals
Governs the operation of hospitals: tasks and functions, types and classification, licensing, the duties and rights of…
ReadMedical Practice
Governs medical practice: registration and practice licences, professional standards, medical records, medical…
ReadSocial Security Administering Bodies (BPJS)
Establishes BPJS Kesehatan and BPJS Ketenagakerjaan as legal entities administering social security: their functions…
ReadFood
Governs food affairs to achieve food sovereignty, self-reliance and security: availability, affordability, consumption…
ReadForestry
Governs state control of forests and the conduct of forestry: forest status and functions, planning, management…
ReadConservation of Living Natural Resources and their Ecosystems
Governs the conservation of living natural resources: protection of life-support systems, preservation of plant and…
ReadFisheries
Governs fisheries management: use of fish resources, fishery businesses and their licensing, sustainable management…
ReadRoad Traffic and Transport
Governs road traffic and transport: vehicle registration, driving licences, traffic conduct and safety, passenger and…
ReadRoads
Governs the provision of roads: their role, classification and parts, regulation, development, construction and…
ReadConstruction Services
Governs construction services: principles and aims, responsibilities and authority, businesses and licences…
ReadBuildings
Governs the function, requirements and provision of buildings: administrative and technical requirements, reliability…
ReadPrevention and Eradication of Money Laundering
Governs active and passive money laundering, predicate offences, reporting obligations of reporting parties, the role…
ReadEradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons
Governs the eradication of trafficking in persons: the definition and elements of exploitation, penalties, aggravation…
ReadJuvenile Criminal Justice System
Governs the juvenile criminal justice system: age limits, diversion and restorative justice, children's rights in the…
ReadElimination of Domestic Violence
Governs the prevention and elimination of domestic violence: forms of violence (physical, psychological, sexual…
ReadDisaster Management
Governs disaster management: the pre-disaster, emergency-response and post-disaster phases; institutions (BNPB/BPBD)…
ReadFormation of Legislation
Governs the principles, types and hierarchy, and stages of forming legislation (planning, drafting, deliberation…
ReadAmendment to the Law on the Formation of Legislation
The first amendment to the Law on forming legislation: it strengthens the harmonisation, consolidation and finalisation…
ReadPeople's Assembly, House, Regional Council and Regional Legislatures (MD3)
Governs the standing, composition, functions, duties and powers of the MPR, DPR, DPD and regional legislatures…
ReadThe Supreme Audit Board
Governs the standing, membership, duties and powers of the Supreme Audit Board as a free and independent state body…
ReadThe Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia
Governs the standing, function, duties and powers of the Ombudsman in overseeing public-service delivery and handling…
ReadPolitical Parties
Governs the formation, registration, aims and functions of political parties, membership and management, finances…
ReadElection of Governors, Regents and Mayors (Pilkada)
Governs the direct election of regional heads: candidate requirements, nomination, campaigning, voting, dispute…
ReadHarmonisation of Tax Regulations
Recasts various tax provisions: general tax rules and procedure, income tax, value-added tax, the voluntary-disclosure…
ReadState-Owned Enterprises
Governs the purposes, forms (Persero and Perum), establishment, management and supervision, restructuring and…
ReadCurrency
Governs the Rupiah as the currency of the Republic of Indonesia: its kinds and denominations, features, management…
ReadIndustrial Designs
Governs the protection of industrial-design rights: definition, the novelty requirement, the scope and term of…
ReadLayout Designs of Integrated Circuits
Governs the protection of layout-design rights for integrated circuits: definition, the originality requirement, term…
ReadPlant Variety Protection
Governs the protection of plant varieties produced by breeding: varieties that may be protected (new, distinct…
ReadEradication of the Crime of Terrorism
Enacts Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1 of 2002 into statute: it defines the crime of terrorism and its…
ReadAmendment to the Law on Eradicating Terrorism
Amends the Terrorism Law: it adds a definition of terrorism with an ideological/political/security motive, strengthens…
ReadAmendment to the Child Protection Law
Amends the Child Protection Law: it adds a definition of violence, strengthens prohibitions on violence and sexual…
ReadPersons with Disabilities
Governs the fulfilment and protection of the rights of persons with disabilities: the range of rights, accessibility…
ReadPrevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction
Governs the prevention and eradication of forest destruction, especially organised destruction (illegal logging and…
ReadProtection and Empowerment of Farmers
Governs the protection and empowerment of farmers: protection strategies (inputs, business certainty, prices…
ReadRailways
Governs the operation of railways: structure and types, infrastructure and rolling stock, operation, licensing, safety…
ReadAviation
Governs national aviation: sovereignty over airspace, aircraft, airports, air transport, air navigation, safety and…
ReadVillages
Governs the standing and types of villages, their authority, village governance, village deliberation, finances and…
ReadAnimal Husbandry and Health
Governs animal husbandry and health: resources, breeding, feed, animal and veterinary public health, and the safety and…
ReadNational Development Planning System
Governs the national development-planning system: the long-term (RPJP), medium-term (RPJM) and annual (RKP) planning…
ReadClean State Administration Free from Corruption, Collusion and Nepotism
Governs the general principles of state administration, the rights and duties of state officials (including wealth…
ReadTax Court
Governs the Tax Court as the judicial body that examines and decides tax disputes (appeals and suits): its standing…
ReadNational System of Science and Technology
Governs the national science-and-technology system: scope (research, development, assessment, application, invention…
ReadSpecial Economic Zones
Governs special economic zones: purpose, zones, formation and designation, managing institutions, facilities and…
ReadSpatial Planning
Governs spatial planning: classification, spatial plans (national, provincial and local spatial plans), use of space…
ReadCultural Heritage
Governs the preservation of cultural heritage: criteria and designation of cultural-heritage objects, buildings…
ReadConstitution of the United States
The supreme law of the United States, establishing the framework of the federal government: a bicameral Congress…
ReadSherman Antitrust Act
The first US federal antitrust statute: it prohibits contracts, combinations and conspiracies in restraint of trade…
ReadSecurities Act of 1933
The "truth in securities" law: it requires registration of securities offered to the public and full and fair…
ReadSecurities Exchange Act of 1934
Governs secondary-market trading of securities, creates the SEC, mandates periodic reporting by public companies…
ReadSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Enacted after the Enron and WorldCom scandals: it strengthens corporate accounting and auditor independence (creating…
ReadCivil Rights Act of 1964
A landmark law outlawing discrimination on the basis of race, colour, religion, sex, or national origin — in public…
ReadAmericans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in employment (Title I), public services (Title II), and…
ReadFreedom of Information Act (FOIA)
Gives any person a right of access to federal agency records, subject to nine exemptions; it requires agencies to…
ReadCopyright Act of 1976 (Title 17, U.S. Code)
Governs US copyright: the protectable subject matter, authors' exclusive rights, the duration of protection, and…
ReadLanham (Trademark) Act of 1946
The principal US federal trademark statute: registration of marks, the rights of mark owners, and remedies for…
ReadPatent Act (Title 35, U.S. Code)
Governs US patents: patentable subject matter, the novelty and non-obviousness requirements, and patent infringement.
ReadFair Labor Standards Act of 1938
Establishes the federal minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and child-labour standards for covered employees.
ReadClayton Antitrust Act of 1914
Supplements the Sherman Act by prohibiting specific practices that may substantially lessen competition: price…
ReadFederal Trade Commission Act of 1914
Establishes the Federal Trade Commission and declares unlawful unfair methods of competition and unfair or deceptive…
ReadInvestment Company Act of 1940
Regulates investment companies (including mutual funds): registration, structure, governance, transactions with…
ReadInvestment Advisers Act of 1940
Regulates investment advisers: the definition, the obligation to register with the SEC, and the anti-fraud duty that…
ReadForeign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977
Prohibits the bribery of foreign officials to obtain or retain business, and requires issuers to keep accurate books…
ReadDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010
Enacted after the 2008 financial crisis: it creates the Financial Stability Oversight Council, regulates the…
ReadBankruptcy Code (Title 11, U.S. Code)
Governs bankruptcy in the US: definitions, the automatic stay on collection actions, liquidation (Chapter 7), and…
ReadInternal Revenue Code (Title 26, U.S. Code)
The codification of US federal tax law: individual and corporate income tax, the definition of gross income…
ReadNational Labor Relations Act of 1935
Guarantees private-sector employees the right to organise, to bargain collectively, and to take concerted action…
ReadAdministrative Procedure Act of 1946
Governs how federal agencies make rules (rule making) and decide cases (adjudication), and the standards for judicial…
ReadClean Air Act
The principal US air-pollution-control statute: national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS), new-source performance…
ReadHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)
Protects the continuity of workers' health-insurance coverage (Title I) and sets national standards for electronic…
ReadConstitution of the Republic of Singapore
The supreme law of the Republic of Singapore: it establishes the framework of government (the President, the Cabinet…
ReadCompanies Act 1967
Governs the incorporation and administration of companies in Singapore: body corporate status and limited liability…
ReadSecurities and Futures Act 2001
Singapore's principal capital-markets statute: licensing of capital-markets services, the operation of exchanges…
ReadBanking Act 1970
Governs the licensing and supervision of banks in Singapore: the requirements to carry on banking business, capital and…
ReadMonetary Authority of Singapore Act 1970
Establishes the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as the central bank and integrated financial regulator: monetary…
ReadCompetition Act 2004
Prohibits anti-competitive agreements (Section 34), the abuse of a dominant position (Section 47), and mergers that…
ReadEmployment Act 1968
Singapore's main employment statute: basic terms of employment, payment of salary, hours of work and overtime, rest…
ReadPenal Code 1871
The codification of Singapore's general criminal law: the elements of offences and criminal liability, and offences…
ReadPersonal Data Protection Act 2012
Governs the collection, use and disclosure of personal data by organisations: the consent, purpose-limitation…
ReadIncome Tax Act 1947
Governs the imposition of income tax in Singapore on a quasi-territorial basis: the charge to tax, deductible expenses…
ReadInsolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018
Consolidates Singapore's personal and corporate insolvency and debt-restructuring laws into a single omnibus statute…
ReadPrevention of Corruption Act 1960
Prohibits the giving and receiving of bribes (gratification) in both the public and private sectors, and reaches…
ReadCompanies Act 2006
The principal UK companies statute: incorporation and types of company, separate legal personality, directors' duties…
ReadFinancial Services and Markets Act 2000
The principal framework for UK financial-services regulation: the general prohibition on carrying on regulated…
ReadBribery Act 2010
Governs bribery offences in the UK: bribing another person, being bribed, bribery of a foreign public official, and the…
ReadCompetition Act 1998
Prohibits anti-competitive agreements (the Chapter I prohibition) and the abuse of a dominant position (the Chapter II…
ReadInsolvency Act 1986
Governs corporate and personal insolvency in the UK: company voluntary arrangements, administration, winding up, and…
ReadConsumer Rights Act 2015
Consolidates UK consumer rights in goods, services and digital content: goods must be of satisfactory quality, fit for…
ReadSale of Goods Act 1979
Codifies UK law on the sale of goods: the formation of a contract of sale, implied terms as to title and quality, and…
ReadEmployment Rights Act 1996
Governs UK employees' rights: the written statement of particulars, wage protections, the right to notice, the right…
ReadEquality Act 2010
Consolidates UK anti-discrimination law: the nine protected characteristics, and the prohibition of direct and indirect…
ReadData Protection Act 2018
Governs the processing of personal data in the UK and supplements the UK GDPR: the data-protection principles…
ReadHuman Rights Act 1998
Gives further effect to the rights of the European Convention on Human Rights in UK law: the compatible interpretation…
ReadFraud Act 2006
Creates a single offence of fraud in England, Wales and Northern Ireland that can be committed in three ways: by false…
ReadThe Constitution of Japan
The supreme law of Japan: popular sovereignty, the Emperor as the symbol of the State, the renunciation of war (Article…
ReadCivil Code
The codification of Japanese private law: general provisions, real rights, obligations, family and succession…
ReadCompanies Act
Governs the types of Japanese companies (principally the Kabushiki Kaisha/stock company), incorporation, shares…
ReadFinancial Instruments and Exchange Act
Japan's capital-markets statute: disclosure for securities offerings, licensing of financial-instruments businesses…
ReadPenal Code
The codification of Japan's general criminal law: principles of criminal liability and offences against the person…
ReadAct on the Protection of Personal Information
Governs the handling of personal information by business operators in Japan: specification of the purpose of use…
ReadAct on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade
Japan's competition statute: it prohibits private monopolisation, unreasonable restraint of trade (cartels), and unfair…
ReadLabor Standards Act
Sets the minimum standards for working conditions in Japan: working hours, rest, wages, notice of dismissal, and…
ReadBanking Act
Governs the licensing and supervision of banks in Japan: the definition of banking business, the scope of a bank's…
ReadPatent Act
Governs patents in Japan: the definition of an invention, the novelty and inventive-step requirements, application and…
ReadCopyright Act
Governs copyright in Japan: the definition of a work, the economic and moral rights of authors, the term of protection…
ReadCommercial Code
Codifies Japan's general commercial law: the notions of merchant and commercial acts, commercial books, commercial…
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